The New Devolution in Wales as a Result of Emerging the Small Nation

Przemysław Sopoćko

Streszczenie w języku polskim


In this article, an author proves that devolution based on the national identity fosters political development in Wales. The main historical facts are briefly recalled, coming smoothly to Tony Blair’s reforms and their partly failure. Author considers them as irreversible process’ elements, later continued by David Cameron who saw them as vital to awake national identity of Wales. Such efforts finally result in economic success of the whole region, based on devolution of powers, as it is concluded at the end. 


Słowa kluczowe


Blair Tony; Cameron David; Celtic; Cymru; Devolution; Economy; Elections; Finances; First Minister; Government; Identity; Jones Carwyn; Lloyd George David; Nation; National Assembly; Power; Prime Minister; Referendum; Reforms; Regional; Wales;

Pełny tekst:

PDF (English)

Bibliografia


The Welsh Church Act 1914 (1914, c. 91)

The Welsh Language Act 1993 (1993, c. 38)

The Government of Wales Act 1998 (1998, c. 32)

The Government of Wales Act 2006 (2006, c. 32)

The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (2013, c. 20)

The Wales Act 2014 (2014, c. 29)

Ackroyd, P. 2012. London. A Concise Biography, Vintage, London

Altermatt, U. 1998. Sarajewo przestrzega. Etnonacjonalizm w Europie, Znak, Kraków

Blacburn, R., Kennon, A. 2003. Parliament. Functions, Practice and Procedures, Sweet

& Maxwell, London

Bogdanor, V. 1999. Devolution in the UK, Oxford University Press, Oxford

Bokszczanin, I. 2003. Rząd Zjednoczonego Królestwa Wielkiej Brytanii i Północnej Irlandii, [in:] Rządy w państwach Europy, E. Zieliński, I. Bokszczanin (ed.), Elipsa, Warszawa

Bradley, A. 2004. The Sovereignty of Parliament – Form or Substance [in:] The Changing Constitution, J. Jowell & D. Oliver (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford

Burns, W.E.. 2010. A Brief History of Great Britain, FactsOnFile, New York

Carman, C.J. 2015. United Kingdom [in:] Politics in Europe, M.D. Hancock et al. (ed.),

th edition, SAGE, London

Chandler, J.A., 2009. Local government today, Manchester University Press, Manchester http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800009287

Cole, A., 2006. Beyond Devolution and decentralisation. Building regional capacity in Wales and Brittany, Manchester University Press, Manchester http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719070921001.0001

Copus, C. 2006. Leading the Localities. Executive Mayors in English Local Government, Manchester University Press, Manchester

http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719071867.001.0001

Davies, N. 2004. Europa, Znak, Kraków

Davies, N. 2003. Wyspy, Znak, Kraków

Dunleavy, P. 2006. The Westminster Model and the Distinctivness of British Politics [in:] Development in British Politics, P. Cowley et al., 8th edition, Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke

Giddens, A. 2010. Tony Blair, 1997-2007 [in:] From New Jerusalem to New Labour,

V. Bogdanor (ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke

Kubas, S. 2004. Parlament szkocki. Dewolucja – wyzwanie dla Zjednoczonego Królestwa, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa

Laws, D., 2010. 22 days in May. The Birth of the Lib Dem-Conservative Coalition, Biteback, London

Marczewska-Rytko, M., 2015. Kategoria nowych ruchów społecznych w wybranych ujęciach teoretycznych [in:] Ideologie, ruchy społeczne i polityczne. Wybrane problemy. M. Marczewska-Rytko (ed.), UMCS, Lublin

Michałowski, S. 2008. Uwarunkowania pełnienia ról przywódczych w samorządzie terytorialnym [in:] Przywództwo lokalne a kształtowanie demokracji partycypacyjnej,

K. Kuć-Czajkowska, S. Michałowski (ed.), UMCS, Lublin

Morgan-Trimmer, S. 2012. Participation outcomes in governance networks: the role of network [in:] Governing Ambiguities, E. Bozzini, B. Enjolras (ed.), Nomos, Baden-Baden

Norton, P., 2005. Parliament in British Politics, Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke

Norton, P. 2011. The Con-Lib Agenda for the "New Politics" and Constitutional Reform [in:] The Cameron-Clegg Government. Coalition Politics in an Age of Austerity,

M. Beech, S. Lee (ed.) Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke

Nowacka, E. 2002. Reformy samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce, Wielkiej Brytanii i USA, Forum Naukowe, Wrocław

Osmond, J. 2005. Wales Towards 2007 [in:] The Dynamics of Devolution. State of the Nations, A. Trench (ed.), UCL, Exeter

Patchett, K. 2005. Principle of Pragmatism. Legislating for Wales by Westminster and Whitehall [in:] Devolution, Law Making and the Consitution, R. Hazzell, R. Rawlings, (ed.), Imprint Academic, Exeter

Peston, R., 2005. Brown’s Britain, Short Books, London

Philip, A.B., 1999. Regionalism in the United Kingdom [in:] Regionalism in the European Union, Wagstaff, P. (ed.), Intellect, Exeter and Portland

Pryce, H. 2011. J. E. Lloyd and the Creation of Welsh History: Renewing a Nation's Past, Univeristy of Wales Press, Cardiff

Radzik-Maruszak, K. 2012. Samorząd terytorialny w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1979-2010. Od nowego zarządzania publicznego do lokalnego współzarządzania, UMCS, Lublin

Rajca, L. 2012. Reformy samorządu terytorialnego w Anglii w latach 1997-2010, Europejskie Centrum Edukacyjne, Łysomice

Rawlings, R., 2005. Law Making In a Virtual Parliament: The Welsh Experience [in:] Devolution, Law Making and the Consitution, R. Hazzell, R. Rawlings (ed.), Imprint Academic, Exeter

Richards, P. 2004. Tony Blair in His Own Words, Politico, London

Rogers, R. Walters, R. 2006. How Parliament Works, 6th edition, Longman-Pearson, Essex

Smith, M.J. 1999. The Core Executive in Britain, Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke

Stoker, G. 2005. Joined-Up Government for Local and Regional Institutions [in:] Joined-Up Government, V. Bogdanor (ed.), Oxford Universiy Press, Oxford

http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263334.003.0007

Sully, M.A. 2000. The New Politics of Tony Blair, Columbia University Press, New York

Wagstaff, P., 1999. Introduction: Regions, Nations, Identities [in:] Regionalism in the European Union, P. Wagstaff (ed.), Intellect, Exeter and Portland

Wilson, D. 2005. The United Kingdom: An increasingly differentiated policy?

[in:] Comparing Local Governance. Trends and Developments, B. Denters, L.E. Rose (ed.), Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke

Zins, H. 2001. Historia Anglii, Ossolineum, Wrocław

Census for Wales, http://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/2011censuskeystatisticsforwales/2012-12-11#household-language (retrieved 21.03.22016)

National Assembly for Wales election results, http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/national-assembly-for-wales-elections/national-assembly-for-wales-election-2011 (retrieved 22.03.2016)

Devolution Settlement Wales, 2013, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/devolution-settlement-wales (retrieved 23.03.2016)

Kirkup, J. 2013. Welsh Assembly to be given more financial powers, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/wales/10419221/Welsh-Assembly-to-be-given-more-financial-powers.html (retrieved: 22.03.2016)

Wales votes “yes”, 2011,http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/wales/8362368/Wales-votes-yes-to-more-devolved-powers.html (retrieved 22.03.2016)

Welsh Referendum 2011,http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-12648649

(retrieved 22.03.2016)

Welsh taxes, 2013, http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/welsh-taxes-place-2018-under-6856630 (retrieved 22.03.2016)

Williams, J. 2016. Brexit: Carwyn Jones 'never called for a Welsh veto, '

http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-37396158 (retrieved 1.11.2016)




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2016.23.1.85
Data publikacji: 2017-04-04 10:19:47
Data złożenia artykułu: 2016-03-24 17:48:20


Statystyki


Widoczność abstraktów - 708
Pobrania artykułów (od 2020-06-17) - PDF (English) - 526

Wskaźniki



Odwołania zewnętrzne

  • Brak odwołań zewnętrznych


Prawa autorskie (c) 2017 Przemysław Sopoćko

Creative Commons License
Powyższa praca jest udostępniana na lcencji Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.