Minor Victim Representation in Cases of Crimes Committed by Family Members in Polish Law

Kamil Łakomy

Abstract


The study presents the current legal regulations and problems with the implementation of procedural rights of a minor victim in the case of crimes committed by members of his family in the Polish legal system. The presented issue concerns the necessity to apply provisions contained in various acts, both public and private law. The author discusses the most important judgements of Polish jurisprudence in the indicated scope, emphasizing, however, that many aspects of the discussed issues, of a procedural nature, have still not been regulated. The conclusions include de lege ferenda postulates concerning, i.a., the transfer to the criminal court of the competence to appoint a guardian ad litem for disadvantaged minors.


Keywords


legal regulations; minor victim; crimes committed by family members; guardian ad litem; criminal court

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References


LITERATURE

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Bieńkowska E., Mazowiecka L., Uprawnienia pokrzywdzonego przestępstwem, Warszawa 2014.

Daniluk P., [in:] Kodeks karny. Komentarz, ed. R.A. Stefański, vol. 4, Warszawa 2018.

Horna M., Kurator reprezentujący małoletniego pokrzywdzonego w procesie karnym – wybrane zagadnienia proceduralne, „Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka” 2014, vol. 13(1).

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LEGAL ACTS

Act of 23 April 1964 – Civil Code (Journal of Laws 1964, no. 16, item 93 as amended).

Act of 25 February 1964 – Family and Guardianship Code (Journal of Laws 1964, no. 9, item 59 as amended).

Act of 17 November 1964 – Code of Civil Procedure (Journal of Laws 1964, no. 43, item 296).

Act of 6 June 1997 – Code of Criminal Procedure (Journal of Laws 1997, no. 89, item 555 as amended).

Act of 6 June 1997 – Criminal Code (Journal of Laws 1997, no. 88, item 553).

Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 (Journal of Laws 1997, no. 78, item 483).

Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (OJ EU L 335/1, 17.12.2011).

Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA (OJ EU L 315/57, 14.11.2012).

Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on child-friendly justice adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 17 November 2010 and explanatory memorandum.

Recommendation CM/Rec(2009)10 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on integrated national strategies for the protection of children from violence, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 18 November 2009 at the 1070bis meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies.

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989 (Journal of Laws 1991, no. 120, item 526).

CASE LAW

Judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal of 21 January 2014, SK 5/12, Journal of Laws 2014, item 135.

Judgement of the Supreme Court of 1 December 2010, III KK 315/09, LEX no. 686665.

Resolution of the Court of Appeal in Wrocław of 24 June 2005, II S 13/05, OSA 2005, no. 10, item 72.

Resolution of the Supreme Court of 30 September 2010, I KZP 10/10, OSNKW 2010, no. 10, item 84.

Resolution of the Supreme Court of 11 January 2011, V KK 125/10, R-OSNKW 2011, item 27.

Resolution of the Supreme Court of 20 June 2012, I KZP 9/12, OSNKW 2012, no. 7, item 73.

Resolution of the Supreme Court of 25 June 2020, I KZP 4/20.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.5.181-196
Date of publication: 2020-12-31 13:57:54
Date of submission: 2020-01-23 18:56:00


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