Konstytucjonalizm globalny a fragmentacja prawa. Powrót populizmu w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej

Andrey Medushevskiy

Streszczenie w języku polskim


Globalizacja dokonała głębokich przekształceń w zakresie prawa międzynarodowego, spraw politycznych i sprawowania władzy, pociągając za sobą wzajemnie sprzeczne konsekwencje. Pobudziła kosmopolityczny projekt globalnego konstytucjonalizmu, integracji ponadnarodowej i ujednolicenia standardów demokratycznych. Doprowadziła jednak również do fragmentacji sfery spraw międzynarodowych, osłabienia demokracji konstytucyjnej oraz poczucia rosnącego deficytu demokracji na szczeblu krajowym i międzynarodowym. Podejmując próbę zrównoważenia wpływu tych dwóch przeciwstawnych tendencji, autor analizuje pozytywne i negatywne skutki globalizacji dla rozwoju ustroju konstytucyjnego w odniesieniu do takich kwestii, jak: transnarodowa konstytucjonalizacja, demokracja i suwerenność narodowa, zmieniające się miejsce wielowarstwowego konstytucjonalizmu, międzynarodowy podział władz oraz system globalnego sprawowania rządów przy ustalaniu ponadnarodowej legitymacji demokratycznej. Z tego punktu widzenia powrót populizmu w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej wydaje się niebezpieczny i nieprzewidywalny, ale jest to systemowa i potencjalnie przewidywalna reakcja globalnych regionów na nierówności w integracji, brak legitymacji demokratycznej, a także nowa odpowiedź na zniekształcenia i dysfunkcje sprawowania władzy na świecie. Właściwej odpowiedzi na te wyzwania można upatrywać w nowej koncepcji integracji konstytucyjnej opartej na trwającym dialogu między ponadnarodowymi i krajowymi podmiotami globalizacji prawnej. Dialog ten jest możliwy dzięki wykorzystaniu strategii mediacji w konfliktach, opracowanej przez międzynarodowych ekspertów, zwłaszcza do rozstrzygania skomplikowanych i długotrwałych konfliktów, których nie daje się praktycznie rozwiązać w perspektywie krótko- i średnioterminowej.


Słowa kluczowe


konstytucjonalizm globalny; konstytucjonalizacja; fragmentacja; suwerenność; legitymacja; strategia mediacji w konfliktach

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.393-440
Data publikacji: 2021-10-13 00:45:51
Data złożenia artykułu: 2021-08-03 09:17:20


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