Email this article 
Hide
Show all
Just Culture Maturity Assessment Tool and Its Application in Medium-Sized Food Company in Poland
Abstract
Theoretical background: Ensuring food safety requires the development of an appropriate food safety culture, including its important subculture – just culture (JC). JC is a fair, proportional, and transparent way in which individuals are held accountable for errors. JC in the food sector is an element of food safety culture and is one in which all employees within a food company are encouraged to provide and feel comfortable providing food safety-related information. It is an atmosphere of trust in which food handlers are convinced they will be treated fairly based on their actions rather than the outcome of those actions, in the case of positive, as well as negative food safety. No approach for the food sector for measuring this phenomenon is seen in the literature.
Purpose of the article: The article aims to present a proposal for a tool for assessing just culture in a food company and to discuss the results of empirical validation of this tool in a selected organization.
Research methods: A literature review was conducted to identify tools for measuring JC in different industries. The primary research method was a case study, including a documentation analysis, based on the READ approach. The just culture maturity assessment tool (JCMAT) used by the company was statistically verified. To interpret the results, the so-called Enlighten 4C Food Safety Culture model was applied.
Main findings: The JCMAT has proven to be a reliable tool for exploring JC maturity. A set of dimensions were proposed to constitute JC. The surveyed organization has reached the “awakening” maturity level. Socio-demographic characteristics did not have a major impact on respondents’ opinions about the JCMAT statements.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Annual Report. Alert and Cooperation Network. (2022). Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
Alemayehu, T., Aderaw, Z., Giza, M., & Diress, G. (2021). Food safety knowledge, handling practices and associated factors among food handlers working in food establishments in Debre Markos Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S295974
Arce, M.C., & Baumler, R. (2021). Effective Learning from Safety Events Reporting Takes Two: Getting to the Root & Just Culture. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 15(4). doi:10.12716/1001.15.04.08
Ayob, A.N., Hassan, C.R.C., & Hamid, M.D. (2022). Safety culture maturity measurement methods: A systematic literature review. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 80, 104910. doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104910
Barger, D., Marella, W., & Charney, F. (2011). Gap assessment of hospitals’ adoption of the just culture principles. Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory, 8(4).
Bylok, F. (2022). Relations between dimensions of organizational trust and activities strengthening the value of enterprises. Annales UniversitatisMariae Curie-Skłodowska Lublin – Polonia, Sectio H, 56(5), 27–46. doi:10.17951/h.2022.56.5.27-46
Churruca, K., Ellis, L.A., Pomare, C., Hogden, A., Bierbaum, M., Long, J.C., Olekalns, A., & Braithwaite, J. (2021). Dimensions of safety culture: A systematic review of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods for assessing safety culture in hospitals. BMJ Open, 11, e043982. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043982
Crosby, Ph. (1979). Quality is Free. New York: McGraw-Hill
da Cunha D.T., Hakim, M.P., Soon, J.M., & Stedefeldt, E. (2022). Swiss Cheese Model of food safety incidents: Preventing foodborne illness through multiple layers of defence. Food Control, 139. 109053. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109053
Dalglish, S.L., Khalid, H., & McMahon, S.A. (2020). Document analysis in health policy research: The READ approach. Health Policy and Planning, 35(10). doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa064
Dekker, S.W.A., & Breakey, H. (2016). ‘Just culture’: Improving safety by achieving substantive, procedural and restorative justice. Safety Science, 85. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2016.01.018
Deming, W.E. (2012). Wyjście z kryzysu: Out of the Crisis. Wrocław: OpexBooks.pl
El-Gazar, H.E., A Zoromba, M., Shawer, M., & Abousoliman, A. (2020). Effect of Just Culture on Nurses’ Willingness to Report Medication Errors. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(1).
Estimating the burden of foodborne diseases: a practical handbook for countries. (2021). World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341619/WHO-HEP-NFS-AFS-2021.2-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
GFSI. (2018). A Culture of Food Safety. A Position Paper From the Global Food Safety Initiative. V1.0 – 4/11/18. Retrieved from https://mygfsi.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/09/GFSI-Food-Safety-Culture-Full.pdf
Gogalniceanu, P., Calder, F., Callaghan, C., Sevdalis, N., & Mamode, N. (2021). Surgeons are not pilots: is the aviation safety paradigm relevant to modern surgical practice? Journal of Surgical Education, 78(5). doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.01.016
Graveling, M. (2022) The journey towards safer radiotherapy: Are we on a road to nowhere? Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice, 21(1). doi:10.1017/S1460396920000722
Griffith, C.J., Livesey, K.M., & Clayton, D. (2010). The assessment of food safety culture. British Food Journal, 112(4). doi:10.1108/00070701011034448
Gupta, T., Swami, M.K., & Nebhinani, N. (2020). Risk of digital addiction among children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: Concerns, caution, and way out. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16(3). doi:10.1177/0973134220200
Hays, D., & Kruse, J.A. (2022). Nursing Student and Faculty Perceptions of Just Culture. Journal of Nursing Education, 61(5). doi:10.3928/01484834-20220303-10
Hopcraft, R., Tam, K., Dorje P.M.J., Moara-Nkwe, K., & Jones, K. (2023). Developing a maritime cyber safety culture: Improving the safety of operations. Maritime Technology and Research, 5(1). doi:10.33175/mtr.2023.258750
Juran, J.M., Godfrey, A.B., Hoogstoel, R.E., & Schilling, E.G. (Eds.). (1999). Juran’s Quality Handbook. Fifth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kalteh, H.O., Salesi, M., Cousins, R., & Mokarami, H. (2020). Assessing safety culture in a gas refinery complex: Development of a tool using a sociotechnical work systems and macroergonomics approach. Safety Science, 132, 104969. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104969
Khan, I., Ming, J., Ali, A., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Influence of government supports on small and medium enterprises development: Case study of Swat Valley. Journal of Small Business Management, 60(6). doi:10.1080/00472778.2020.1767487
Kim, B.B., & Yu, S. (2021). Effects of just culture and empowerment on patient safety activities of hospital nurses. Healthcare, 9, 1324. doi:10.3390/ healthcare9101324
Mahmoudi, D., Nazari, S., Castellucci, H.I., & Dianat, I. (2021). Perception of just culture and its association with work-related psychosocial factors in an Iranian industrial setting: Implications for prevention of errors. Work, 68(4). doi:10.3233/WOR-213447
Malone, G., & Darcy, C. (2019). Perceptions of ‘just culture’ – the case of aircraft maintenance. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 14(1).
Marx, D. (2001). Patient Safety and the “Just Culture”. A Primer for Healthcare Executives. New York: Columbia University.
Mohammed, A., Abou-Taleb Mohamed, M., Hafez Mahmoud, R., & Abdelrazek Elsawalhy, H. (2022). The influence of education and training on food safety knowledge of catering employees in petroleum companies. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels – University of Sadat City, 6(2/2). doi:10.21608/MFTH.2022.264343
Onojakpor, O., Tuorila, H., & De Kock, H.L. (2022). Sensory quality control: Assessment of food company employees’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Journal of Sensory Studies, 37(5), e12773. doi:10.1111/joss.12773
Otitolaiye, V.O., Shah, A.A.F., & Omer, F. (2022). Organizational Factors, Critical Dimensions, and Measurement Instruments for Safety Culture: A Concise Review. Petroleum & Coal, 64(1).
Petschonek, S., Burlison, J., Cross, C., Martin, K., Laver, J., Landis, R.S., & Hoffman, J.M. (2013). Development of the just culture assessment tool: Measuring the perceptions of health-care professionals in hospitals. Journal of Patient Safety, 9(4). doi:10.1097/PTS.0b013e31828fff34
Principles for preventing and responding to food incidents (2007). A guidance document produced by the Food Standards Agency’s Taskforce on Incidents. Retrieved from https://www.reading.ac.uk/foodlaw/pdf/uk-07010-incidents-guidance.pdf
Reason, J. (1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents (1st ed.). London: Routledge.
Rodrigues, S.R.R.C., & de Almeida Fachada, C.D. (2021). Just culture in the Portuguese air force. Portuguese Journal of Military Sciences, 9(2).
Skrzypek, E. (2013). Dojrzałość organizacji. Warszawa: Difin.
Soon, J.M., Brazier, A.K.M., & Wallace, C.A. (2020). Determining common contributory factors in food safety incidents – a review of global outbreaks and recalls 2008–2018. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 97. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.030
Spagnoli, P., Jacxsens, L., & Vlerick, P. (2022). Towards a food safety culture improvement roadmap: Diagnosis and gap analysis through a conceptual framework as the first steps. Food Control, 109398. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109398
Tappura, S., Jääskeläinen, A., & Pirhonen, J. (2022). Creation of satisfactory safety culture by developing its key dimensions. Safety Science, 154, 105849. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105849
von Thaden, T., Hoppes, M., & Schriver, A. (2006). The perception of just culture across disciplines in healthcare. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 50(9). doi:10.1177/154193120605001035
von Thaden, T.L., & Hoppes, M. (2005). Measuring a just culture in healthcare professionals: Initial survey results. Safety Across High-Consequence Industries Conference, St. Louis. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237579690_MEASURING_A_JUST_CULTURE_IN_HEALTHCARE_PROFESSIONALS_INITIAL_SURVEY_RESULTS
Walker, D., Altmiller, G., Hromadik, L., Barkell, N., Barker, N., Boyd, T., Compton, M., Cook, P., Vottero, B., … & Wallace, S. (2020). Nursing students’ perceptions of just culture in nursing programs: A multisite study. Nurse Education, 45(3). doi:10.1097/NNE.0000000000000739
Wawersik, D., & Palaganas, J. (2022). Organizational factors that promote error reporting in healthcare: A scoping review. Journal of Healthcare Management, 67(4). doi:10.1097/JHM-D-21-00166
Wiechetek, Ł., & Mędrek, M. (2022). Human factors in security – cybersecurity education and awareness of business students. Annales UniversitatisMariae Curie-Skłodowska Lublin – Polonia, Sectio H, 56(1), 119–142. doi:10.17951/h.2022.56.1.119-142
Wischmeyer, P.E. (2021). Editorial: Objective measurement of nutrition and metabolism in the ICU: The future of personalized metabolic therapy. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 27(4). doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000848
Wiśniewska, M.Z. (2022). Just culture and the reporting of food safety incidents. British Food Journal, 125(1). doi:10.1108/BFJ-12-2021-1316
Wiśniewska, M.Z., Marjańska, E., & Grudowski, P. (2022). Just culture maturity questionnaire validation in a Polish hospital. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management, 157. doi:10.29119/1641-3466.2022.157.42
Yiannas, F. (2009). Food Safety Culture: Creating a Behaviour Based Food Safety Management System. New York: Springer.
Yoon, S., & Lee, T. (2022). Factors influencing military nurses’ reporting of patient safety events in South Korea: A structural equation modeling approach. Asian Nursing Research, 16(3). doi:10.1016/j.anr.2022.05.006
Zanin, L.M., Stedefeldt, E., & Luning, P.A. (2021). The evolvement of food safety culture assessment: A mixed-methods systematic review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 118(A). doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.013
www1: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/assessment
www2: https://enlighten.team/documentation/food-safety-culture-framework-action-levels2/
www3: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/maturity
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2023.57.4.217-235
Date of publication: 2023-12-23 17:34:19
Date of submission: 2023-06-04 18:23:13
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Małgorzata Zdzisława Wiśniewska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.