Between sustainability and uncertainty. Political systems of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic – conditions and features

Rafał Czachor

Streszczenie w języku polskim


The article revisits the issue of the political functionality and social organization in Caucasian de facto entities. Basing on theoretical approaches regarding the phenomenon of unrecognized states, the paper examines cases of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR) with the focus on internal and external factors, including historical legacy, system of power, weakness of the mother state as well as support of the metropolitan state. It concludes that de facto entities demonstrate the vitality of their societies and political maturity, but their future depends mostly on international politics.


Słowa kluczowe


de facto entities; politics of the South Caucasus; Abkhazia; South Ossetia; Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

Pełny tekst:

PDF (English)

Bibliografia


Antoszewski, A. 2010. Instytucjonalne uwarunkowania transformacji politycznej, [in:] Transformacja systemów politycznych państw obszaru byłego Związku Radzieckiego, R. Herbut, W. Baluk (eds.), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław.

Broers, L. (ed.), 2005. Predely wozmozhnostei liderov elity i obshestva w nagorno-karabakhskom mirnom processe, Conciliation Resources, London.

Caspersen, N. 2011. Unrecognized states: The struggle for sovereignty in the international system, Polity Press, Cambridge.

Clogg, R. 2008. The Politics of Identity in Post-Soviet Abkhazia: Managing Diversity and Unresolved Conflict, “Nationalities Papers”, vol. 36, no. 2.

Cornell, S. 2001. Small Nations and Great Powers. A study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus, Routlege, London – New York.

Czachor, R. 2014a. Abchazja, Osetia Południowa, Górski Karabach: geneza i funkcjonowanie systemów politycznych, Instytut Polsko-Rosyjski, Wrocław.

Czachor, R. 2014b. Elity polityczne Osetii Południowej wobec idei niepodległości, “Nowa Polityka Wschodnia”, no. 1(6).

De Waal, T. 2003. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan. Through Peace and War, New York University Press, New York and London.

Fish, M. S. 2006. Stronger Legislature, Stronger Democracies, “Journal of Democracy”, vol. 17, no. 1.

Freedom in the World 2014. Freedom in the World. Territory Ratings 1974–2014, https://freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-world#.VdsJkZeI8zd

Frye, T. 1997. A Politics of Institutional Choice, “Comparative Political Studies”, vol. 30, no. 5.

Hale, H. E. 2015. Patronal Politics. Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Politics, Cambridge University Press, New York.

Iwańczuk, K., Kapuśniak, T. (eds.), 2008. Region Kaukazu w stosunkach międzynarodowych, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin.

Kazin, F. 2009. Vzaimootnosheniya Rossii s Yuzhnoi Ossetiei i Abhaziei w sravnitel’noi perspektive, “Polis”, no. 1.

King, C. 2001. The Benefits of Ethnic War: Understanding Eurasia’s Unrecognized States, “World Politics”, vol. 53, no. 4.

Kolstø, P. 2006. The Sustainability and Future of Unrecognized Quasi-States, “Journal of Peace Research”, no. 6.

Kolstø, P., Blakkisrud, H. 2008. Living with Non-recognition: State- and Nation- building in South Caucasian Quasi-states, “Europe-Asia Studies”, vol. 60, issue 3.

Lynch, D. 2002. Separatist States and Post-Soviet Conflicts, “International Affairs”, vol. 78, no. 4.

Lynch, D. 2004. Engaging Eurasia’s Separatist States. Unresolved Conflicts and De Facto States, United States Institute of Peace, Washington.

Malashenko, A. 2000. Postsovetskie gosudarstva Yuga i interesy Rossii, “Pro et Contra”, vol. 5, no. 3.

Markedonov, S. 2005. SNG-2: nepriznannye gosudarstva na postsovetskom prostranstve (k opredeleniyu prirody fenomena), “Gumanitarnaya mysl’ Yuga Rossii”, no. 1.

Markedonov, S. 2008. ‘Piatidnevnaya voina’: predvaritel’nye itogi i sledstvia, “Neprikosvennyi zapas”, no. 5(61).

Markedonov, S. 2012a. The Unrecognized States of Eurasia as a Phenomenon of the USSR’s Dissolution, “Demokratizatsiya. The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization”, vol. 20, no. 2.

Markedonov, S. 2012b. De-fakto obrazovaniya postsovetskogo prostranstva: dvadcat’ let gosudarstvennogo stroitel’stva, “Analiticheskie doklady Instituta Kavkaza”, no. 5.

Metcalf, L. K. 2000. Measuring Presidential Power, “Comparative Political Studies”, vol. 33, no. 5.

Minasyan, S. 2011. Armenia in Karabakh, Karabakh in Armenia: living with a conflict, [in:] Identities, ideologies and institutions. A decade of insight into the Caucasus, A. Iskandaryan (ed.), Caucasus Institute, Yerevan.

Ó Beacháin, D. 2012. Dynamics of Electoral Politics in Abkhazia, “Communist and Post-Communist Studies”, vol. 45, issue 1–2.

O’Bojhin, D. 2014. Vybory v de-fakto gosudarstvakh: Abkhazia, Nagornyi Karabakh i Pridnestrovye v 2011–2012 gg., “Politicheskaya nauka”, no. 3.

Pegg, S. 1998. International Society and the De-Facto State, “Institute of International Relations The University of Columbia Working Paper”, no. 21.

Popescu, N. 2006.‘Outsourcing’ de facto Statehood. Russia and the Secessionist Entities in Georgia and Moldova, “CEPS Policy brief”, no. 109.

Splidsboel, F. 2009. Russian power and South Ossetian conflict, Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2015.22.1.151
Data publikacji: 2016-04-18 13:29:47
Data złożenia artykułu: 2016-04-18 12:24:30


Statystyki


Widoczność abstraktów - 830
Pobrania artykułów (od 2020-06-17) - PDF (English) - 808

Wskaźniki



Odwołania zewnętrzne

  • Brak odwołań zewnętrznych


Prawa autorskie (c) 2016 Rafał Czachor

Creative Commons License
Powyższa praca jest udostępniana na lcencji Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.